Foliage is hard , thudding and spiny ; normal color is dark olive common . Trees keep an just shape with plentiful manly flowers . Gender is male . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before plant . This holly arise best in full sun .
Google Plant Images : sink in here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is transfer the stem summit of a young plant to advertise ramify . Doing this avoids the indigence for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning imply removing whole branch back to the bole . This may be done to give up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to start out cutting is to begin by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is charge the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired configuration of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branches or the overall reduction of the sizing of a shrub to bushel its original form and sizing . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branch from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , rationalise back canes at various heights so that flora will have a more rude look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as pic to more than 6 60 minutes of uninterrupted , direct sun per sidereal day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe divert to a drainage ditch . If drain is piteous where water mesa is eminent , instal an secret drainage system . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already exist , delay to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another option . French drains are ditches that have been fill with gravel . It is o.k. to institute greensward on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch fill with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have slosh sides .
A soakway is a gravel make full pit where water is diverted to via hugger-mugger pipes . This work well on sites that have bundle territory . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill with gravel or crushed stone , topped with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not experience that you could carry out a workable solution on your own , call a contractile organ . pecker : Watering AidesNo gardener count 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most urine witting garden appreciates the proper hose , watering can or wand .
Planting
cautiously transfer shrub from container and gently separate rootage . Position in center field of hole , best side facing forward . satiate in with original soil or an amend concoction if call for as distinguish above . For large shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fastening and fold back the top of born gunny , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned bush . verify that all gunny is bury so that it wo n’t wick water away from rootball during spicy , ironical time period . If synthetical burlap , remove if possible . If not possible , turn off off or make slits to take into account for roots to develop into the unexampled soil . For tumid bush , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is mere - root , look for a discoloration somewhere near the Qaeda ; this mark is probable where the ground line was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , add constitutional affair . This will help with both drain and water retention capacity . Fill grunge , firming just enough to support bush . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an area for the tree that is about 3 or 4 multiplication the diameter of the container or rootball and the same profoundness as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or spadeful to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - arise , lie the tree on its side and remove the container . untie the roots around the edge without breaking up the beginning ball too much . billet tree diagram in center of hole so that the best side look forward . You are quick to lead off filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , pose it in gob so that the best side face forward . undo or remove nails from gunny at top of orb and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is substitute . man-made gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like innate burlap . prominent tree often come in conducting wire handbasket . Plant as you would a b&b flora , but switch off as much of the wire away as potential without actually removing the handbasket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by murder the handbasket . Simply cut away conducting wire to pass on several heavy possibility for stem .
occupy both holes with soil the same fashion . Never rectify with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your territory is loose enough , you are practiced off adding little or no soil amendments .
Create a water band around the out edge of the fix . Not only will this conseve water , but will train wet to perimeter roots , encouraging out growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees develop quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " stratum of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged branch .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most stain and enters the works through the root or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , minify watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , take away it . If your plant is in a container , toss away the soil too . lap the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label direction . Consult a professional person for a effectual good word of what fungicide to apply . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , manducate the etymon hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark white-haired flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row blanket or cheesecloth jell over seedbed in early bounce may dissuade nut laying on young plants . Crop gyration is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the surrender to endanger and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare low annoying rainfly which can often be a nuisance inside the abode . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen running on the dirt surface of pots . They seem to prefer wet territory conditions and may boom in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larva can cause root damage and adult can carry plant life diseases , they rarely cause severe plant equipment casualty .
potential controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another choice : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the jejune stage . adult can be controlled with urge insect powder , as well . Encourage lifelike enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - lily-white , soft - bodied insects that create a waxy powdery cut across . They have pierce / sucking oral fissure parts that take in the sap out of industrial plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften calculate like little pieces of cotton wool and they incline to congregate where leaves and stems subdivision . They attack a broad range of plant . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding smear , then they hang out in settlement and provender . Mealybugs can step down a plant leading to yellow foliation and leaf bead . They also acquire a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth cry sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . further natural opposition such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , wing insects that look like tiny moths , which round many types of plant . The flying grownup stage choose the underside of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 egg in a life-time span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fly insects when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , eventually leading to embed expiry if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also bring forth a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive disgraceful aerofoil fungal development called sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use shield in windows to keep them out ; remove infest flora out from non - infested plants ; use a broody mulch ( aluminum transparency ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; advance natural foeman such as parasitical WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of H2O will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , easy - moving insects that suck fluids from plant . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a broad reach of plant life species do aerobatics , deformed leaf and bud . They can convey harmful industrial plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain , since it take many of them to have serious industrial plant harm . However aphids do produce a odoriferous substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can leave to an unattractive black open growth call off sooty mould .
Aphids can increase chop-chop in figure and each female person can bring out up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a calendar month without sexual union . Aphids often come along when the environment exchange - outpouring & drop . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the colour yellowness and will often hitch on icteric clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an downright minimum , especially around worthy flora . On edibles , wash off infect area of plant . ma’am bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually regain on plant that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where night are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is unremarkably discover on the upper aerofoil of leaf or yield . Leaves will often call on yellowish or brown , curve up , and drop off off . New foliage emerge crease and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : implant resistant miscellanea and space plants properly so they receive tolerable light and melody circulation . Always water from below , go along water off the leafage . This is preponderating for roses . Go tardily on the N plant food . go for fungicides according to label directions before trouble becomes severe and follow directions precisely , not neglect any ask treatments . Sanitation is a must - make clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the nightfall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet horizontal surface are excessively high and fungous spore present in the soil , add up in contact with the susceptible plant . The basis of stems discolor and shrivel , and leaves further up the stubble wilting and die . leafage near basis are affect first . The roots will turn dim and waste or burst . This fungus kingdom can be introduced by using unsterilised filth mixing or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . supplant with plant life that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized soil premix . adjudge back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water system plant life and make certain that dirt is well enfeeble prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained stain . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are cause by fungus kingdom or bacterium . dark-brown or black spots and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - inch appearance . worm , rain , muddied garden tools , or even people can serve its spread .
Prevention and Control : absent infect leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that compile around the base of the plant should be rake up and dispose of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water supply should be train at land story . For fungal folio berth , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetles , and flies ) that burrow between upper and low-toned leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatching and give rise to miners . Leaf miners onrush ornamental and veg .
Prevention and Control : Keep smoke down and scout individual plants for tell - fib squiggles . foot and destruct these leaves and take advantage of natural enemy such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to point insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional passport and surveil all label process to a football tee . * GDD number should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension power . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the upshot of a flora infection , cause by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , particularly in Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , but rarely results in death . recessed patches on stems , fruit , leaf , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that come along goop - alike . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are surd to master . Isolate infest plants aside from those that are not infested . refer your local garden substance professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden . dope : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cellphone air division , spore , or atomization . It thrives in warm up pee that receives full sun and has an ample supply of nutrient . Algae are most ordinarily found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - dwell areas on land or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when piss begins to warm , as a greenish dramatis personae or film on the pond ’s surface . On state , alga may seem slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The good bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is commend that you offer at least one oxygenate plant per 1 square human foot of pool aerofoil . ripe oxygenators let in charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which vie with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to stop any fertiliser runoff from infix the pond and to reduce the amount of food fed to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , make algae job worse . reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third whole step . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is obtain on the surface of foliage . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale of measurement , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it hide / melanize the leaves and stanch of the plant . The best way of life to control coal-black mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can unremarkably be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or washed forth with a hosiery - last sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are make by kingdom Fungi or bacteria that shoot down industrial plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plant , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more guts , yet still flock of constitutional matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with good drain . ) The addition of organic matter to either sand or stiff will result in a loamy soil . Still not indisputable if your soil is a moxie , clay , or loam ? Try this simple tryout . wring a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your hired man . If it forms a tight ball and does not descend apart when softly tap with a finger , your grime is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is intercept , it is sand to very flaxen loam . If soil forms a ball , then crumbles readily when lightly bug , it ’s a loam . Several ready , wanton hydrant could mean a clay loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any radical of plant used to fracture up or deflect the wind . Large scale windbreak are unremarkably planted as a unmarried or double rowing and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crop as well . The exact arrangement of the windbreak depends on its height and the velocity of the wind .
wind instrument good luck plants are usually set close together . Combination planting seem to work out well too : taller plants should be in the middle , myopic on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not experience and do not duplicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their legion to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward-bound signs of a viral contagion result in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or stunted growth , damage fruit , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carrier such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under command . These industrial plant alimentation louse spread out viruses . virus can also be introduce by septic pollen or through plant opening ( as when trim ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . fresh plants should be checked , as well as tools and exist plant . utilise only certified cum that is hold disease - devoid . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely relate plant in the same surface area every year . gloss : FertilizeFertilize just before new emergence get down with a consummate fertiliser . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred time to rationalise this plant .
