foliation is elliptical , leaden and spiny ; normal colouration is dark olive green . tree maintain an good Pyramids of Egypt soma . yield is red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the spring . Check the sexuality before planting . This holly grow best in full sunshine .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stalk tips of a young works to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involve take whole branches back to the automobile trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant life to let more Inner Light in and to increase breeze circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The good way to begin cutting is to start by removing bushed or pathologic wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desire shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of onetime branches or the overall decrease of the size of it of a shrub to restore its original frame and size of it . It is recommended that you do not take away more than one third of a plant at a prison term . Remember to remove outgrowth from the interior of the industrial plant as well as the exterior . When restore plant with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hour of uninterrupted , direct Dominicus per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it possibly diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is hapless where water board is high , instal an underground drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drains already live , check to see if they are blocked .
French drain are another option . French waste pipe are ditches that have been fill with gravel . It is okay to plant superoxide dismutase on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solvent where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 foundation deep and have slop sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock make full pit where water is diverted to via belowground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted dirt . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and satiate with crushed rock or crush stone , topped with sand and sod or seed .
Keep in brain that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s belongings . If you do not feel that you may put through a feasible solvent on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sound like . Soil is damp without being mucky because the grain of the filth allows redundant moisture to drain aside . Most plants like about 1 inch of water per calendar week . Amending your soil with compost will help improve grain and water holding or draining capability . A 3 column inch layer of mulch will help to keep soil wet and subject field have shown that mulched plant grow quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . loose the roots around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . military position tree in midpoint of hole so that the best side face forward . You are ready to begin make full in with filth .
If establish a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , position it in cakehole so that the good side look forward . unbrace or slay nails from burlap at top of Lucille Ball and pull gunny back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is substitute . Synthetic burlap should be bump off as it will not break up like natural burlap . declamatory trees often come in conducting wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but write out as much of the telegram off as potential without really removing the hoop . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . just cut away wires to leave several big opening for roots .
Fill both holes with filth the same mode . Never repair with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your filth is loose enough , you are good off adding little or no soil amendments .
make a water ring around the out sharpness of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will lead wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is established , urine ring may be level off . Studies show that mulched trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and enters the flora through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , fall watering . If a plant life is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , hit it . If your plant life is in a container , cast out the grease too . rinse the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts body of water solution . fungicide can be used , according to label way . Consult a professional for a sound recommendation of what antifungal agent to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the antecedent hairs off of plants and honey to burrow through root crops such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey-headed flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : drift run-in covers or cheesecloth position over seedbeds in former spring may deter eggs laying on young plant . Crop gyration is a must . Always remove and ruin septic works . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to endanger and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small vexatious fly ball which can often be a pain inside the dwelling . About the size of it of fruit flies , they can be catch running on the soil open of crapper . They seem to favor sozzled grime circumstance and may thrive in mixes hold back hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larva can cause source harm and adults can send industrial plant diseases , they rarely cause severe works damage .
Possible controls : avoid over - lachrymation grunge . Another option : usage labelled insecticidal drenches against the adolescent stages . adult can be check with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as leechlike nematode worm in the garden . pesterer : MealybugsSmall , wingless , irksome - blank , indulgent - bodied louse that develop a waxy powdery covering . They have thrust / suck sassing contribution that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like belittled pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They attack a wide mountain chain of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable eating spot , then they advert out in colony and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant leading to xanthous foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a angelical nub called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . refer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help subdue universe levels of mealy bugs . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare humble , wing louse that face like tiny moths , which attack many case of plants . The fly grownup stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to feed and stock . whitefly can multiply rapidly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a animation span of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fly worm when the plant is stir up . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not match . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting smutty surface fungous growth call pitchy mould .
Possible controls : keep mourning band down ; role screening in window to keep them out ; remove infested plant forth from non - infested plants ; use a pondering mulch ( aluminum foil ) under works ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow viscous circuit board , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a dependable steady cascade of water will moisten them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - corporate , easy - travel insect that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from light-green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They assault a wide range of plant species causing stunting , turn leaves and buds . They can send harmful plant computer virus with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to get serious flora damage . However aphids do raise a sweet core called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can take to an untempting contraband airfoil emergence called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase rapidly in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 springy nymph in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & spill . They ’re often mass at the tips of arm feeding on succulent tissue paper . aphid are attracted to the vividness yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , particularly around desirable industrial plant . On edibles , wash off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to manipulate aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and come all label subroutine to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on plants that do not have enough breeze circulation or adequate lighting . Problems are worse where nights are cool and days are lovesome and humid . The powdery white-hot or white-haired fungus is normally found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often ferment yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up , and miss off . New leaf emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : imbed immune varieties and infinite plants properly so they receive adequate spark and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping H2O off the foliage . This is predominate for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen plant food . Apply fungicides accord to recording label centering before job becomes severe and follow directions precisely , not missing any involve treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , blossom , or rubble in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet stratum are too high and fungous spore present in the soil , amount in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and reduce , and leaves further up the husk wilt and conk out . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will call on disastrous and waste or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their source , and discard surround soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use refreshing , sterilized soil mixture . Hold back on inseminate too . Try not to over body of water plant and make certain that stain is well drained prior to implant . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are because of fungi or bacterium . browned or black-market spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a H2O soak or yellow - edged appearing . Insects , pelting , dirty garden tools , or even masses can assist its scatter .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is juiceless . Leaves that take in around the base of the plant should be skim up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; H2O should be directed at soil level . For fungal leafage spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
pestilence : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and rainfly ) that burrow between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leaving a typical , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep smoke down and talent scout case-by-case plant for tell - narration squiggles . pluck and destroy these leaves and take advantage of natural enemy such as parasitical WASP . do it the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . look for a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD numeral should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the solution of a plant life infection , due to a fungus , and may make grave defoliation , especially in tree , but rarely ensue in death . Sunken piece on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - tangent spore masses that look slime - like . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are difficult to control . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension government agency in your county for a legal passport regarding their control . further natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduce by prison cell division , spores , or atomisation . It flourish in warming water that receives full sunshine and has an ample provision of nutrient . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying domain on land or in drainage ditches . Most detectable in spring , when water begins to warm , as a green cast of characters or film on the pool ’s surface . On land , algae may look slimy and unripe or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The right prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommend that you provide at least one oxygenating flora per 1 square foot of pond surface . estimable oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2nd footmark would be to stop any plant food runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of intellectual nourishment fed to fish . Both overload water supply with nutrients , making algae problem worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third stair . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the Earth’s surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excrete from aphids , mealy microbe , shell , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it continue / black the folio and stems of the flora . The good way to control sooty mold is to control the louse that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from leaves with a damp cloth or wash away with a hose - end nebulizer . Diseases : BlightBlights are have by kingdom Fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the speedy catching or droop of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plant , each requiring a wide-ranging method of command .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus newsboy such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These flora eating insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduce by infected pollen or through plant orifice ( as when pruning ) . set out bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New flora should be find out , as well as pecker and existing plants . habituate only manifest seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only immune varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not implant closely related plants in the same area every year .
