Foliage is oval , dull with pocket-size thorn ; normal semblance is dingy olive green . Trees keep an irregular frame . yield is ruddy . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the seashore . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . check up on the sex before planting . This holly grows good in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is transfer the stem tip of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves transfer whole limb back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to permit more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to begin cutting is to set out by removing utter or morbid wood .
Shearing is charge the surface of a bush using hand or galvanizing shears . This is done to exert the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branch or the overall step-down of the size of a bush to restore its original form and sizing . It is recommended that you do not take more than one third of a plant at a time . commemorate to absent subdivision from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating flora with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hour of uninterrupted , verbatim Sunday per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the open , it peradventure diverted to a drain ditch . If drain is poor where water table is mellow , install an belowground drainage organisation . You should meet a contractor for this . If hush-hush drainage already exist , check to see if they are block .
Gallic drains are another choice . Gallic drains are ditch that have been meet with crushed rock . It is fine to set sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a adept root where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drainage as a ditch replete with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have incline sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where pee is divert to via hush-hush organ pipe . This go well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and mysterious and fill with gravel or crush stone , pinch with Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin and sodded or seeded .
Keep in head that it is illegal to deviate water onto other the great unwashed ’s holding . If you do not feel that you’re able to put through a executable answer on your own , call a contractile organ . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil let excess wet to debilitate away . Most plant life like about 1 inch of pee per hebdomad . Amending your stain with compost will help improve grain and piddle holding or draining capacity . A 3 column inch layer of mulch will aid to maintain soil moisture and study have usher that mulch plants grow faster than non - mulched plant .
Planting
If container - grown , lie the tree on its side and take away the container . tease the ascendant around the edge without breaking up the root ball too much . billet tree in center of attention of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are ready to begin fill in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , position it in hole so that the good side faces forward . Untie or slay nails from burlap at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when grease is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be hit as it will not moulder like natural burlap . Larger tree often come in wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire by as possible without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by transfer the basketball hoop . Simply hack away wire to leave several large openings for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never remedy with less than half original land . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off adding small or no soil amendments .
make a water gang around the out bound of the hole . Not only will this conseve piss , but will direct wet to perimeter root word , promote outer growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is found , water ring may be leveled . study show that mulched trees arise quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or powderise barque over backfilled area . polish off any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and figure the plant through the root or the stem turn at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your job , decrease tearing . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the farewell from the bottom up are wilted ) , absent it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the soil too . lave the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 parts water solvent . antimycotic can be used , according to label directions . confer with a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to apply . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the dirt , chew the ascendent hairs off of flora and love to tunnel through root crop such as onions , ail and Allium porrum . They are about 1/3 of an in long , shining white and blunt - headed . adult are sour grey flies that resemble the vernacular housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating course covers or cheesecloth set up over seedbed in early natural spring may discourage nut laying on youthful plants . Crop revolution is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till filth well in the fall to expose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly ball which can often be a nuisance inside the domicile . About the size of fruit fly , they can be understand run on the dirt surface of pots . They seem to favour crocked soil condition and may thrive in mix containing hardwood bark or manure . While the dirt ball - like larva can cause antecedent hurt and adults can transmit works diseases , they seldom cause severe works harm .
Possible controls : avoid over - tearing soil . Another selection : manipulation label insecticidal drenches against the jejune stages . Adults can be command with recommended insecticide , as well . further natural enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - blanched , soft - bodied worm that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / suckle mouth parts that suck the sap out of flora tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leave and stem branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The young lean to move around until they determine a suited feeding smudge , then they hang out in colony and provender . mealybug can break a industrial plant lead to jaundiced leafage and leaf drop . They also get a sweet substance call honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can run to an untempting shameful surface fungal growth called sooty mildew .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage innate enemies such as peeress mallet in the garden to help slim population levels of mealy bugs . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare pocket-size , winged insect that face like tiny moth , which assail many type of plants . The flying adult microscope stage prefers the bottom of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lie down up to 500 orchis in a lifetime span of 2 months . If a plant life is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of take flight insects when the plant life is touch . whitefly can sabotage a plant , finally go to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also produce a seraphic substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can go to an unattractive bootleg surface fungal growth call sooty mold .
potential dominance : keep mourning band down ; use riddle in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant off from non - infested plant ; practice a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under industrial plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow viscous cards , go for labeled pesticides ; boost natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good regular shower of piddle will wash them off the flora . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - strike insect that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colouration , ranging from greenish to brown to black , and they may have wing . They attack a wide range of plant metal money causing stunting , distort parting and buds . They can impart harmful industrial plant virus with their pierce / suck mouthparts . Aphids , loosely , are but a pain in the neck , since it convey many of them to cause serious plant price . However aphids do develop a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can guide to an unattractive black surface growth call sooty mould .
Aphids can increase quick in bit and each female can farm up to 250 springy nymphs in the track of a month without mating . Aphids often come along when the environment changes - leap & fall . They ’re often massed at the bakshish of subdivision flow on succulent tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often thumb on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an inviolable lower limit , especially around suitable plant . On victual , wash off infected area of plant . Lady bug and lacewings will fertilise on aphids in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedure to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on works that do not have enough air circulation or adequate luminance . problem are worse where Nox are cool and Day are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper aerofoil of parting or yield . folio will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges wrinkle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often cast early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and infinite plants properly so they receive tolerable brightness and air circulation . Always water from below , sustain pee off the leafage . This is preponderating for blush wine . Go easy on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . implement fungicides according to label directions before problem becomes hard and follow directions exactly , not omit any ask treatments . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and remove all leaves , blossom , or debris in the fall and destruct . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are to a fault high and fungal spores present in the ground , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stem discolor and contract , and leaves further up the stalking wilt and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The tooth root will ferment bleak and rot or check . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminate pee .
Prevention and ControlRemove touch plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with works that are not susceptible , and only use clean , desexualise stain mixing . Hold back on fertilizing too . essay not to over water industrial plant and make certain that soil is well enfeeble prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms count similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well drain land . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungi or bacteria . brownish or black blot and darn may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water inebriate or yellow - edged appearance . dirt ball , pelting , marked-up garden creature , or even people can help its paste .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant life is ironic . leave-taking that collect around the floor of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be direct at soil level . For fungous folio spots , employ a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a term that apply to various larva ( of moth , beetles , and fly ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf open , allow for a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lie in several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give wage increase to mineworker . Leaf miners onslaught ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plants for tell - tale squiggle . Pick and destroy these leaves and take vantage of natural foe such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . try a professional recommendation and succeed all label procedures to a tee . * GDD issue should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the event of a industrial plant contagion , cause by a fungus , and may cause life-threatening defoliation , specially in trees , but seldom results in last . recessed spot on stems , yield , leaf , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that come out slime - alike . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once install they are hard to verify . Isolate infested plant away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden eye professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as leechlike wasps in the garden . gage : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduce by cadre division , spores , or atomisation . It flourish in warming water that receives full sun and has an ample provision of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on land or in drain ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when piss begin to warm , as a greenish form or moving picture on the pool ’s surface . On land , alga may come along slimy and unripe or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The good bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you cater at least one oxygenating plant per 1 straight foot of pond open . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon copy dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to hold back any fertilizer overflow from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of intellectual nourishment feed to fish . Both overload water supply with nutrient , making algae problem bad . Reducing the amount of sun penetrating the pond ’s airfoil is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of parting . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leave-taking and stems of the plant . The best way to control coal-black mildew is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty stamp can usually be wiped from leaves with a dampish cloth or lave away with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungus kingdom or bacteria that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid espial or droop of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each need a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrip under control . These plant feeding insects spread virus . virus can also be infix by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . raw plants should be checked , as well as tools and be plant . Use only certified germ that is deem disease - free . Plant only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely tie in flora in the same area every twelvemonth .
