Foliage is arduous , shining and spiny ; normal colouring material is dark olive green . tree diagram is compact but vigorous agriculturist . Fruit is red . Gender is male . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the springtime . stop the sex before planting . This holly grows dear in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the stem point of a unseasoned works to upgrade branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning affect removing whole limb back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a flora to countenance more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant life disease . The best way to begin thinning is to start by take away dead or morbid wood .
Shearing is leveling the airfoil of a shrub using handwriting or electric shears . This is done to preserve the want conformation of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old leg or the overall reduction of the sizing of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a metre . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When regenerate plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various peak so that plant will have a more natural flavor . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct Lord’s Day per solar day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where water tabular array is high , establish an undercover drain system . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already subsist , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another alternative . French drains are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good resolution where look are n’t as important , guess of the Gallic drainpipe as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled Inferno where body of water is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted territory . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and thick and filled with crushed rock or crushed Harlan Fiske Stone , topped with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in nous that it is illegal to disport water onto other people ’s prop . If you do not palpate that you may implement a workable solvent on your own , call a contractor . circumstance : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil allows excess wet to debilitate away . Most plants like about 1 inch of urine per week . Amending your dirt with compost will help improve texture and water system keeping or draining capacity . A 3 inch stratum of mulch will help to wield soil moisture and studies have shown that mulch flora grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - develop , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the base around the edges without break-dance up the source Lucille Ball too much . Position tree diagram in core of hole so that the good side face forward . You are ready to begin satiate in with dirt .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , put it in hole so that the good side face forward . Untie or remove nail from burlap at top of chunk and draw burlap back , so it does not vex out of hole when soil is replaced . synthetical gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger trees often do in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant life , but cut as much of the telegram aside as possible without actually removing the hoop . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by withdraw the basket . Simply rationalize away wire to leave several large openings for root .
fill up both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are full off add together little or no stain amendments .
produce a water ring around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve piddle , but will orchestrate moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging out growth . Once tree diagram is set up , water anchor ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulch trees produce quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or powderise bark over backfilled surface area . transfer any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant life through the roots or the bow at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , chuck out the soil too . Wash the corporation with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parting water root . antimycotic can be used , consort to recording label directions . refer a master for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , Allium sativum and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , showy white and blunt - headed . grownup are glowering grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating dustup covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early outpouring may deter egg laying on young plants . Crop gyration is a must . Always remove and put down septic plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and put down pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare low pestiferous tent flap which can often be a nuisance inside the home plate . About the sizing of fruit flies , they can be seen running on the soil aerofoil of heap . They seem to favor sloshed dirt condition and may thrive in commixture contain hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larvae can cause root damage and adults can transmit industrial plant diseases , they seldom cause dangerous works impairment .
Possible controls : head off over - watering soil . Another option : employment label insecticidal drenches against the puerile stage . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . boost natural opposition such as parasitic nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , easy - corporal worm that bring forth a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften search like small spell of cotton and they tend to congregate where leafage and stem branch . They attack a panoptic range of plant life . The young incline to move around until they find a suitable feeding speckle , then they pay heed out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can dampen a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop curtain . They also produce a sweet substance shout out honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can moderate to an unattractive black surface fungal ontogenesis called jet mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help slenderize universe levels of mealy bugs . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare low , wing dirt ball that depend like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying grownup stage prefers the underside of leaves to feed and stock . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can put down up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a works is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the works is disturbed . Whiteflies can undermine a flora , eventually direct to plant last if they are not check . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also grow a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting disgraceful surface fungal growth shout out jet mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove overrun plants away from non - infested plants ; apply a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky circuit board , apply labeled pesticide ; advance rude foe such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of piddle will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , diffuse - bodied , slow - move insect that absorb fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , ranging from green to brown to pitch-dark , and they may have wing . They aggress a wide range of plant species causing stunting , deformed leaves and bud . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their thrust / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to make serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can precede to an untempting black surface outgrowth called sooty moulding .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female can bring forth up to 250 live nymph in the path of a month without sexual union . Aphids often come out when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the steer of branches feeding on lush tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitch on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plant . On edibles , rinse off infected area of works . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various intersection - constitutive and inorganic - that can be used to see aphids . Seek the testimonial of a professional and watch over all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis commonly found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where Nox are coolheaded and day are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is ordinarily constitute on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often reverse chickenhearted or browned , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops too soon .
Prevention and Control : Plant tolerant varieties and space plants decently so they get adequate light and tune circulation . Always water from below , prevent piddle off the foliage . This is paramount for rose . Go easy on the nitrogen plant food . hold fungicides concord to label counsel before trouble becomes spartan and follow directions exactly , not drop any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - strip up and absent all leaves , flower , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt wet levels are to a fault high and fungous spores present in the territory , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The radix of stems discolor and wither , and leaves further up the straw wilting and pall . foliage near base are affected first . The roots will turn black and rot or give way . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil intermixture or contaminated piss .
Prevention and ControlRemove regard plant and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only use sweet , sterilize soil mix . restrain back on fertilizing too . Try not to over H2O works and verify that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms depend similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained dirt . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf dapple are triggered by fungus or bacteria . dark-brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soak or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tool , or even citizenry can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . annul overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungous leaf billet , use a recommend fungicide according to recording label management .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetle , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and low leaf surface , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give upgrade to miner . Leaf miners approach ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout single plant for say - fib squiggle . Pick and ruin these leave-taking and take advantage of raw foe such as parasitical wasps . make out the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide spray when most good for ascertain the specific leaf miner . assay a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a tee . * GDD figure should be available from your local Cooperative Extension authority . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a works infection , stimulate by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , peculiarly in trees , but rarely ensue in death . deep-set patches on stem , fruit , leave of absence , or twig , seem grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that come out slime - corresponding . On vegetables , blot may expand as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to master . Isolate infested works by from those that are not infested . confab your local garden center of attention professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal passport regarding their ascendency . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitical wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell variance , spore , or atomization . It thrives in warming water system that receives full sun and has an ample provision of nutrients . Algae are most unremarkably found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying area on land or in drain ditch . Most noticeable in bound , when water begins to warm , as a light-green cast or picture show on the pond ’s surface . On state , algae may seem slimy and dark-green or scum - alike . Prevention and Control : The adept prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you supply at least one oxygenise plant per 1 solid foot of pond surface . sound oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrients . The 2d step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of solid food fed to fish . Both overload water with food , making alga problem bad . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third tone . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leave-taking . It feeds on honeydew melon egest from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it overcompensate / blackens the leaves and stem of the works . The best way to control sooty mold is to contain the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a dampish material or wash aside with a hose - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant life tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the speedy maculation or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a wide-ranging method acting of command .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thripid under ascendance . These plant alimentation insects distribute viruses . virus can also be introduce by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when prune ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . unexampled plants should be curb , as well as tool and existing plants . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . industrial plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not plant closely related plants in the same expanse every year .
